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3rd Estonian SS Volunteer Brigade
The 3rd Estonian SS Volunteer Brigade ((ドイツ語:3. Estnische SS Freiwilligen Brigade)) was a formation of the German ''Waffen SS'' during World War II. It was formed in May 1943, when the Estonian SS Legion (''Estnische SS Legion''), which was still undergoing formation in Dębica, (called Heidelager in 1943), was upgraded. The first name chosen for the brigade was the Estonian SS Volunteer Brigade, until October 1943, when all SS brigades were numbered so it finally became the 3rd Estonian Volunteer Brigade. The brigade was expanded to a division and renamed on January 23, 1944.
==Formation==
The Estonian SS Legion had by April 1943, increased its numbers enough to form a brigade sized formation and was even able to dispatch a battalion, the Narva Battalion, to the 5th SS Panzer Division ''Wiking'' to replace the departing Finnish Battalion whose members had come to the end of their contracts.
The new 3rd Estonian SS Volunteer Brigade had by November 1943, 5,099 men and was ready for active service. In October the brigade was first allocated anti-partisan duties in northern Belarus where it dealt a crushing blow to the Rossony Partisan Republic. At the end of October, the Red Army managed to break through the German lines after intense fighting in the nearby Nevel section of the front. Since the German command had no reserves in the area, the Estonian Brigade was rushed to the front-line where it managed to push the Soviets back 5-15 kilometers by 13 November.〔Jüri Remmelgas (1955) (in Estonian). ''Kolm kuuske (The Three Spruces)''. Stockholm: Kirjastus EMP. pp. 153-172.〕
The Brigade was put under command of the VIII Corps of Army Group North. The brigade suffered severe losses fighting against numerous Red Army assaults and was eventually forced back to Opochka and transferred to the I Army Corps. It was then decided to create an Estonian Division and use the Brigade to form the cadre of the 20th Waffen Grenadier Division der SS (Estonian Number 1).〔〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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